Japanese Names: Kun, San, Chan and Sama Explained (and Name Order)
Family name first
In Japanese the family name comes before the given name, so Sato Hikari is 佐藤 光. English-language writing often reverses it to Hikari Sato. When you are unsure, the context tells you: the generator on this site shows both orders.
Honorifics
A suffix follows the name and shows how you relate to the person. -san is the safe default and works for almost everyone. -sama is more formal and respectful, used for customers and guests. -kun is used for boys and younger men, often by seniors or teachers. -chan is affectionate and common for children, close friends and pets.
Use the family name at first
In work and school settings, people usually use the family name plus -san. Using someone's given name is a sign of closeness, so wait until they invite it.
Do not add honorifics to yourself
When you introduce yourself, say your name without -san. Adding it to your own name sounds as if you are praising yourself.
Examples in sentences
A teacher might call a student Tanaka-kun, a shop assistant will say Tanaka-sama to a customer, a colleague will say Tanaka-san, and a grandmother might say Hanako-chan. In writing, a letter is addressed with the family name first and the honorific last, as in 田中 様.
Common mistakes
Do not add -san to your own name, and do not drop the honorific when meeting someone for the first time. Do not use -chan or -kun with someone older or senior. If you are unsure, -san is the safest choice, and you can switch once the other person invites you to.
Questions
Which name comes first in Japanese?
The family name comes first, then the given name. Sato Hikari is 佐藤 光.
When should I use -san?
Use -san for almost anyone you are not very close to. It is polite and safe.
Is -chan only for children?
It is affectionate and used for children, close friends and pets. Using it with a colleague can sound too familiar.
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